Sand

Sand

Abbau von Sand (Englisch)

Sandgrube

(C. Wichmann)

Illegality: Mining without license; Extraction of sand despite existing bans; Illegal trade (export/import).

Harm: Environmental harm: Threats of erosion and flooding, destruction of biodiversity; Threat of water security. Economic harm: Sand extraction at expense of economic sector, beach erosion effects tourism industry, insurance sector impacted by floods.

Main Global Governance Instrument: None. National Legislation on mining and environmental protection.

Private Sector Involvement: Private sand extraction companies that are involved in illicit sand mining activities. NGO involvement to increase awareness and initiate legislation.